International Women's Day, celebrated on March 8, was from the beginning an expression of the desire of women working to acquire certain rights, however, over time, turned into an occasion of celebration of womanhood and the fair sex, irrespective of religion and race.
Currently one day of joy for all women receiving different flowers and gifts, celebration March 8 was perceived as long a time as they were stated social and political rights of women and the progress made in regard to them.
Formed in a time of great social unrest, International Women's Day was chosen and heritage traditional protest and political activism. In the years before 1910, quite a few women in the developed industrial work. Their jobs, mostly in textiles and household services, however, were subjected to sexual discrimination and were paid more poorly than men. There were trade unions, and from there to the industrial unrest was not only a step.
In the US, oppression and discrimination that women are becoming more involved in campaigns to bring about change. In 1908, 15,000 women demonstrated in New York demanding shorter work programs, better pay and voting rights.
A year later, following a statement by the Socialist Party of America, the first National Women's Day was celebrated in the United States on February 28. American women continued to mark this celebration last Sunday in February to 1913.
In 1910, the Second International Conference was held in Copenhagen working women. A woman named Clara Zetkin, leader of the Social Democratic women's organization in Germany, brought up the idea of establishing an International Women's Day, a celebration to mark the same day in all countries, in support of women's struggle for rights them. More than 100 women from 17 countries attended the conference, representing unions, socialist parties, clubs and women employed including them in the first three women elected to the Finnish Parliament, unanimously approved the idea launched by Clara Zetkin.
Thus, 100 years ago, on March 19, 1911, was celebrated the first International Women's Day in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland. Over one million women and men attended rallies on that day for women to be given work-related rights, voting rights, education and to hold public office.
However, less than a week, on March 25, 1911, a fire broke out at the Triangle Shirtwaist textile factory in New York that have killed more than 140 women, many of them immigrant origin Hebrew and Italian and having between 16 and 23 years old. The accident drew attention to working conditions and has improved US legislation in this field.
At the dawn of World War I, during the campaigns for peace, the Russians were first celebrated International Women's Day on the last Sunday in February 1913. In the same year, after consultations and discussions, International Women's Day was moved on 8 March . In 1914, women from all over Europe have expressed anti-war and solidarity between women.
In 1917, the last Sunday of February, Russian women began a strike for "bread and peace" after more than two million Russian soldiers lost their lives during the war. This strike proved to be the first stage of the Bolshevik Revolution, and four days later the Czar was forced to abdicate. Provisional Government granted women the right to vote. The strike began on February 23 after the Julian calendar, which is March 8 Gregorian calendar, which is the most common.
After the Revolution of October 1917 Bolshevik Alexandra Kollontai persuaded Lenin to formalize International Women's Day in the Soviet Union.
Since its emergence in the socialist movement, International Women's Day has become more and more recognition from year to year, came to be celebrated in developed and developing alike.
Thus, 1975 was declared "International Year of the Woman" by the United Nations (UN). Starting this year, International Women's Day has been adopted by many governments of the countries which until then had found neither its existence.
A lot has happened over time Women's Day, one of the things it happening in Iran spectacular in 1982, when women have resorted to one of the most courageous gesture of their existence: they have set aside, all day, the veil covering their face.
Today, Women's Day, popularized more like "Mother's Day" in the communist period is a public holiday in Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Eritrea, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Madagascar, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nepal, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam and Zambia. On the other hand, is celebrated without a public holiday in countries such as Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania and Latvia.
On this day it is customary for men to give women flowers and small gifts in their lives - wives, girlfriends, mothers, daughters and colleagues. In Romania and Bulgaria, retained habits before the fall of communism when, on March 8, Mother's Day, children were gifts mothers, grandmothers, and female teachers of teachers.
In Romania, Mother's Day was instead declared a public holiday since 2010 and is celebrated on the first Sunday of May.
Source: mediafax
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